• 开发动机

« 返回首页

Q：怎么修改应用右上角3个点里面的内容？

A：在 App Inventor 中，应用右上角的 “三个点”菜单（也叫“溢出菜单”或“ActionBar 菜单”）是 Android 应用常见的导航区域。默认情况下，App Inventor 并没有直接提供一个图形组件来编辑这个菜单，但我们可以使用 “ActivityStarter” 或通过调用系统菜单事件来实现自定义内容哦！

✅ 实现方法：使用本文介绍的UrsAI2ActionBar拓展可以实现。

最新版拓展下载：

de.ullisroboterseite.ursai2actionbar.aix

demo下载：

TestActionBar.aia

开发动机

对于较小的应用，可以通过按钮触发已实现的功能。然而，对于较大的应用，可用空间会迅速减少，布局也会变得混乱。ActionBar（ToolBar、App Bar）可以提供帮助。有很多实现，但我还没有找到合适的，所以自己开发了一个。

Usage

The App Bar, formerly also known as the Action Bar, is one of the most important design elements of your own Android app. It provides a visual structure and interactive controls that many users are already familiar with.

By using the App Bar, the appearance of your own app becomes consistent with other Android apps, so that users can quickly and intuitively understand how to use the app. It's a special type of toolbar found at the top of every screen and used for branding, navigation, search, and actions. This extension makes it possible to implement an ActionBar in an App Inventor App.

Integration of the extension into an AI2 project

A HorizontalArrangement available at design time is filled with the toolbar at runtime:

The extension sets the height of the ActionBar to 56 DIP (Pixel in AI2) and the width fills the parent element. If you want to have the correct dimensions at design time, you can set up the HorizontalArrangement accordingly. It also makes sense to name the component appropriately. In the example I named it ActionBarPlaceholder.

The HorizontalArrangement is registered in the UrsAI2ActionBar parameter PlaceHolder at design time:

If this is not done, the HorizontalArrangement is not adjusted, and an ActionBar is not displayed. If the selected componenten is not of type HorizontalArrangement an ActionBar is not displayed and the event Screen.ErrorOccurred is triggered with the error number 7777.

In theory, it is not absolutely necessary to place the HorizontalArrangement  at the top of the display. The position of the HorizontalArrangement determines the position of the action bar.

Note: Child elements contained in the arrangement are hidden.

Configuring the ActionBar

The functions to layout the ActionBar are available in the designer and as a block. The best way to design them is to run the project in the Companion. Then you can immediately see what the ActionBar looks like and test the functions.

The ActionBar consists of the following components:

Die Symbolleiste besteht von links nach rechts aus der Schaltfläche LeftButton, dem Textfeld Title und drei weitere Schaltflächen Button2, Button1 und RightButton. Über RightButton kann ein konfigurierbares Popup-Menu geöffnet werden.

From left to right, the toolbar consists of the LeftButton, the Title text field and three further buttons, Button2, Button1 and RightButton. A configurable popup menu can be opened when RightButton is clicked.

Configuration of the title text field

The title text field is configured with AI2 usual properties. The Title property determines the text to be displayed. With property BackgroundColor the background color of the entire toolbar is set. With FontSize, FontBold and TextColor, the size, font weight and font color can be set. TextAlignment defines the alignment of the text.

Configuration of the buttons

The symbols displayed in the buttons are characters from a special TTF font. This simplifies the presentation in different sizes and colors.

Google provides extensive material to support app development. A large number of symbols are provided on the Material Design / Icons page. These are also available as a font (MaterialIcons-Regular.ttf, version 1.017). This font is embedded in the extension and is available for download (folder "de\ullisroboterseite\ursai2actionbar\assets"). The name of the symbols (e.g. "arrowback", "menu" or "more_vert") can / must be set with ... ButtonSymbol.

The ...ButtonColor property can be used to set the color of the symbol. Specifying "blank" causes a space character to be displayed (useful if a background image is set).

The ...ButtonImage property can be used to set a background image for the button. On my test device the image was adjusted to the size of 155x155 pixels². The image should be square. Non-square images are distorted.

Configuration of the popup menu

The menu is identical to that in the extension UrsAI2Popup. It is linked to the right button (RightButton). If the left button is to be coupled with a menu, this can be done via an instance of the UrsAI2Popup extension. The placeholder component can serve as the anchor.

Events triggered by the ActionBar

When a button is clicked, the associated ...Click event is triggered. RightButtonClick is triggered before the popup menu is assembled. The menu can be adjusted at this event.

The events of the menu are described in section Events triggered by the popup menu of extension UrsAI2Popup.

Reference

Properties

AutoCheck

Specifies whether the menu lines with checkboxes change their check state automatically when they are clicked.

BackgroundColor

Defines the background color of the ActionBar. The default is & HFF4862A3.

Button1Color

Defines the color of th symbol of button #1.

Button1Symbol

Defines the symbol of button #1 (see section Configuration of the buttons)

Button2Color

Defines the color of the symbol of button #1.

Button2Symbol

Defines the symbol of button #2 (see section Configuration of the buttons).

FontBold

Specifies whether the title text should be displayed in bold.

FontSize

Specifies the font size for the title text and the buttons.

LeftButtonColor

Defines the color of the symbol in the left button.

LeftButtonImage

Sets the background image for the left button.

LeftButtonSymbol

Defines the symbol of the left button (see section Configuration of the buttons).

MenuBackgroundColor

Defines the background color of the menu. Possible specifications: White, Black, Default. Upper/lower case does not matter.

MenuFontSize

Specifies the font size of the menu items.

MenuItemsFromString

Defines the entries of the pop-up menu as a comma separated string (see section Configuring menu items of UrsAI2Popup).

MenuItemsFromFile

Specifies an asset file from which the definitions of the menu item are loaded (see section Configuring menu items of UrsAI2Popup).

MenuTextColor

Sets the text color of the menu items.

Placeholder

Specifies the HorizontalArrangement instance into which the ActionBar is integrated. The ActionBar has a height of 56 DIP (Pixel in AI2) and the width fills the parent element (container).

RightButtonColor

Defines the color of the symbol in the right button.

RightButtonImage

Sets the background image for the right button.

RightButtonSymbol

Defines the symbol for the right button (see section Configuration of the buttons).

TextAlignment

Sets the alignment of the title text

TextColor

Sets the text color of the title..

Title

Sets the text of the title.

Version

Gets the version of the extension.

Functions

LoadMenuItemsFromFile(FileName)

Loads the definition of the menu items from the specified asset file (see section Configuring menu items of UrsAI2Popup).

SetMenuItems(ItemList)

Defines the entries of the pop-up menu with a List (see section Configuring menu items of UrsAI2Popup).

SetMenuItemChecked(ItemNo, Value)

Sets the check state of the specified menu item. ItemNo is the number of the item. Counting starts at 1.

SetMenuItemEnabled(ItemNo, Value)

Enables / disables the specified menu item. ItemNo is the number of the item. Counting starts at 1. Disabled lines are displayed in light gray and do not react to being clicked.

Events

Button1Click()

Button #1 was clicked.

Button2Click()

Button #1 was clicked.

LeftButtonClick()

LeftButton was clicked.

MenuItem1Selected(Title, Checked)

Menu item #1 was clicked.

MenuItem2Selected(Title, Checked)

Menu item #2 was clicked..

MenuItem3Selected(Title, Checked)

Menu item #3 was clicked.

MenuItem4Selected(Title, Checked)

Menu item #4 was clicked.

MenuItem5Selected(Title, Checked)

Menu item #5 was clicked.

MenuItemSelected(ID, Title, Checked)

The menu line with the number ID was clicked. The counting starts at 1.

RightButtonClick()

RightButton was clicked.

Example ActionBarTest

Most of the functions of the sample app have already been explained above. The menu items are bound to simple actions. The Label component shows which key was pressed. Color selection is done by ColorPickerDialog developed by Zhangzqs.